Background: Hydrofluoric ACID and other fluorine compounds are used in different industries worldwide. Fluoride ion bonding with Calcium and Magnesium ions interferes with cell enzymatic systems and causes cell death. Any hesitation in diagnosis and treatment can lead to irreversible injuries in exposed individuals.Material & Method: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 74 workers who had occupational exposure to Hydrofluoric ACID. After dermal contamination, treatment procedures at the time of exposure and later in the medical center included decontamination with water, topical application of Calcium Gluconate Gel 2.5% and/or Benzalkonium Chloride solution. Workers and physicians were asked to fill in separate questionnaires providing data on the type and extent of burn and treatment procedures. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical methods in SPSS data bank.Results: 56 cases (75.7%) had carried out decontamination with water and 24 cases (32.4%) had applied Calcium Gluconate Gel immediately after exposure. In the clinic, treatment procedures included: decontamination for 46 cases (62.16%) and Calcium Gluconate Gel for 70 cases (94.59%). More than 80% of BURNS were first degree at the time visited by physician and no complications observed in later follow-ups.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the initial washing with water and application of Calcium Gluconate Gel 2.5% at the time of exposure and later in the medical center is an effective and acceptable method in HF burn.

Chemical injuries of the cornea are ophthalmic emergencies. These injuries often result in significant ocular morbidity and generally strike young adults in the prime years of life. Classification schemes enable the ophthalmologist to determine the severity of injury and the prognosis for the injured eye. Immediate management consists of copious irrigation following exposure. Effective management in the intermediate and late phases requires an understanding of the cellular events that occur during each phase. Appropriate medical and surgical care helps ensure the best outcomes for these potentially blinding injuries. With appropriate management, it is possible to restore vision to all but the most severely burned eyes. While our current understanding of these injuries allows us to save many of these eyes, more work is needed to improve the prognosis of grade IV injuries. Ongoing animal and human research is investigating the use of novel topical agents to reduce angiogenesis, inhibit inflammation, promote repair, and reduce the risk of corneal melting. Efforts at preventing ocular chemical BURNS are equally important and deserve emphasis.

Chemical eye BURNS are among the most important emergencies and often lead to the acute decrease in visual acuity or apparent damage to the eye. Alkalines, more powerful in destroying cell membranes , penetrate into the lower layers of the tissues and cause greater damage to the eyes. The greatest damage occurs at PH>11. However, ACIDs form a complex with the corneal stromal proteins, which delays the penetration of ACIDs into the lower tissues. Alkalines, in general, are more deleterious to the eyes than ACIDs. Minor BURNS due to alkalines and ACIDs manifest similar clinical presentations. Perilimbal damage is the most important factor in determining the damage scope and its recovery prognosis. Cornea lacking the epithelium shows little resistance against collagenesis; therefore, any delay in the formation of new epithelium makes the cornea vulnerable to more damage. The first step in every chemical burn is the prompt irrigation of the injuries with ample water, which must take at least 30 minutes. Immediately afterwards, local antibiotics are inevitable. Cycloplegics are essential in all eye BURNS except in very rare cases. Corticosteroids are useful in the first week as acute eye complaints are among the most common causes of referring to GPs. Due to lack of sufficient experience and diagnostic facilities, it is meant, in this paper, to present the practitioners with the essential information needed for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from chemical eye BURNS before referring to the ophthalmologist so that the complaints and after-effects of chemical eye BURNS are significantly reduced.

Background: BURNS are wounds caused by thermal, chemical, electrical, or radiation injuries. They are complex wounds that are difficult to heal and are associated with thousands of deaths each year. Cinnamic ACID (CA) is a natural organic compound found in plants, fruits, vegetables, and honey. CA possesses antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound healing properties. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the healing effects of CA with silver sulfadiazine (SSD), a standard topical agent for burn treatment, on deep second-degree BURNS. Methods: This experimental study compared the healing effects of CA and SSD on second-degree BURNS. Fifteen New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2 to 2.3 kg were divided into 5 equal groups. Deep second-degree burn wounds were created on the backs of the rabbits by contacting a heated circular metal plate. The first group was treated with SSD 1% cream, the second, third, and fourth groups were treated with prepared ointments containing 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% w/w of CA in Eucerin, respectively. The fifth group was treated with Eucerin alone. Wound healing effects were assessed by measuring the rate of wound contraction and the amount of collagen in tissue specimens obtained from different groups. Additionally, histopathological studies were performed on tissue samples. Results: The results showed that CA was significantly more effective than SSD in burn wound healing. Cinnamic ACID ointments significantly increased the rate of wound contraction (P < 0.05) and tissue collagen content (P < 0.001) compared to SSD and Eucerin. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that topical CA possesses burn wound healing properties and could be used as an effective topical agent for the treatment of BURNS.

Dear Editor: I read with interest the article entitled Effect of Gabapentin on Morphine Consumption and Pain after Surgical Debridement of Burn Wounds: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial Study and was impressed by the scientific rigor and level of detailed observation. This is especially admirable in a study performed at the front line of burn surgery. Gabapentin appears to have a role to play in the reduction of pain and opiate usage during major BURNS surgery. It is worth, however, bringing the readers' attention to another key role for the drug in burn which is not mentioned in the discussion. Gabapentin also has an important role in the management of burn-induced itch.

Rosemary plant extract as a natural anti-oxidant is 4 times stronger than synthetic anti-oxidant like BHT and BHA. For this reason, it has been under attention not only for its anti-oxidant properties rather for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-virus properties in different studies. This research investigates the effects of temperature, time, pH, and substance concentration in the labeling of irradiated rosmarinic ACID by radioisotope gallium-67 as a high-resolution imaging agent for SPECT imaging. In this study, gamma irradiated rosmarinic ACID nanoparticles at 20 kGy and 30 kGy levels in two concentrations of 0.5 and 1% were radiolabeled by gallium-67 radioisotope produced in Karaj cyclotron, and their efficiency and radiochemical purity were compared. Labeling conditions (including pH, temperature, time, and compound concentration) were investigated. Quality control was performed by thin-layer chromatography (RTLC). Resulting from the experiments, 30 kGy level and 1% concentration at 45 °C for 30 minutes at pH = 5.5-6 proved to be the best time for labeling rosemary nanoparticles, and the highest radiochemical purity achieved was 95%; radio conjugate also showed good stability after 12 hours.